齐民要术 – 全球珍藏

2023年-11月-08日 ➠ 275 ➠ ♥ 0

分类 Masterpiece名著 267篇中百篇内相关文章

《齐民要术》大约成书于北魏末年（公元533年-544年），是北朝北魏时期中国农学家贾思勰所著的一部综合性农学著作，也是世界农学史上专著之一，是中国现存最早的一部完整的农书。
全书10卷92篇，系统地总结了六世纪以前黄河中下游地区劳动人民农牧业生产经验、食品的加工与贮藏、野生植物的利用，以及治荒的方法，详细介绍了季节、气候，和不同土壤与不同农作物的关系。
《齐民要术》包含了贾思勰重要的生产理论，即强调在农业生产中要重视“天时、地利、人和”。所谓“天时”，就是认为农业生产要按照不同的季节、气候、农作物的生长规律来进行粮食作物的种植；所谓“地利”，就是指要考察土壤的质量，根据土地的情况来种植适宜的农作物，进行合理的布局和管理；所谓“人和”，就是要发挥人的主观能动作用。只有“顺天时，量地利”，才能既节省人力，粮食收获又多。反过来，如果违反自然规律，就会劳而不获。《齐民要术》详细而系统地介绍了我国公元6世纪以前先民所累积的农业生产技术和经验，它不仅反映了当时中国农业的发展水平已经处于世界领先地位，而且对后世的农业技术发展有着极为深远的影响。后世许多农书，比如元代的《农桑辑要》、《王祯农书》，明代徐光启的《农政全书》和清代的《授时通考》，都汲取了《齐民要术》中的成果。
Qi Min Yao Shu “was written around the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty (533-544 AD). It is a comprehensive agricultural work written by Jia Sixie, a Chinese agronomist during the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is also one of the monographs in the history of world agriculture and the earliest existing complete agricultural book in China.
The book consists of 10 volumes and 92 articles, systematically summarizing the agricultural and animal husbandry production experience of the working people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River before the sixth century, the processing and storage of food, the utilization of wild plants, and the methods of famine control. It provides a detailed introduction to seasons, climate, and the relationship between different soils and crops.
The “Qi Min Yao Shu” contains Jia Sixie’s important production theory, which emphasizes the importance of “timing, geographical advantages, and human harmony” in agricultural production. The so-called “timing” means that agricultural production should be planted according to different seasons, climates, and crop growth patterns; The so-called “geographical advantage” refers to examining the quality of the soil, planting suitable crops based on the land conditions, and conducting reasonable layout and management; The so-called “harmony between people” refers to the subjective and dynamic role of people. Only by “favorable timing and favorable location” can we save manpower and harvest more food. On the contrary, if we violate natural laws, we will work but not gain. The “Qi Min Yao Shu” provides a detailed and systematic introduction to the agricultural production technology and experience accumulated by our ancestors before the 6th century AD. It not only reflects that China’s agricultural development level was already at the forefront of the world at that time, but also has a profound impact on the development of agricultural technology in later generations. Many agricultural books in later generations, such as the “Essentials of Nongsang” and “Wang Zhen’s Agricultural Books” of the Yuan Dynasty, the “Complete Book of Agricultural Policies” of Xu Guangqi of the Ming Dynasty, and the “General Examination of Time Service” of the Qing Dynasty, all drew on the achievements of the “Qi Min Yao Shu”.