李尔王·莎士比亚全集33

2023年-06月-04日 ➠ 819 ➠ ♥ 0

Culture文化 Masterpiece名著 266P 李尔王·莎士比亚全集33

《李尔王》是威廉·莎士比亚创作的戏剧，是其四大悲剧之一。故事来源于英国的一个古老传说，故事本身大约发生在8世纪左右。后在英国编成了许多戏剧，现存的戏剧除莎士比亚外，还有一个更早的无名氏作品，一般认为莎士比亚的李尔王是改编此剧而创作的。
故事讲述了年事已高的国王李尔王退位后，被大女儿和二女儿赶到荒郊野外，成为法兰西皇后的三女儿率军救父，却被杀死，李尔王伤心地死在她身旁。
全剧有两条平行的故事线索。主线索讲述的是古代不列颠国王李尔年老昏聩，要根据爱他的程度把国土分给自己三个女儿。长女高纳李尔和次女里根都用甜言蜜语哄骗老人，唯独小女儿考狄利娅讲了老实话，说“我爱你只是按照我的名分，一分不多，一分不少”。李尔一怒斥逐了小女儿，将她远嫁法国，把国土平分给了两个虚伪的女儿，结果自己却受到两个女儿无情的怠慢，一怒而跑到了暴风雨中的荒野，与乔装疯丐的爱德加为伍。后来小女儿从法国兴师来讨伐，终于父女相见，但是英法两军交战，法军战败，考狄利亚被俘，不久被爱德蒙密令绞死，李尔抱着她的尸体在悲愤中疯狂而死。另一条次线索是葛罗斯特伯爵听信庶子爱德蒙的谗言，放逐了长子爱德加。后来由于他同情李尔，被挖去双目，在野外流浪时遇到沦为乞丐的儿子爱德加，由他搀扶前行，却不知搀扶他的就是被自己赶出门的儿子。庶子爱德蒙继承爵位后，同时与李尔的长女、次女勾搭，害得她们争风吃醋，相互残杀，最后次女被毒死，长女谋杀亲夫的阴谋败露后自杀。爱德蒙受到爱德加的挑战，在决斗中被杀。
《李尔王》的故事来源于英国的古代传说，以此为题材的诗歌和散文甚多，莎士比亚在故事蓝本的基础上加入了悲剧结局、李尔王的发疯等原创内容。
威廉·莎士比亚在创作《李尔王》时，正值他艺术生涯的最高峰。他对人生和世界的看法更清晰、更透彻，更关注人性、道德和哲理的思辨。
King Lear is a play created by William Shakespeare and one of his four tragedies. The story originates from an ancient legend in England, and the story itself takes place around the 8th century. Later, many plays were compiled in England, and besides Shakespeare, there is an earlier anonymous work that is generally believed to have been adapted by King Lear of Shakespeare.

The story tells the story of the elderly king Lear who abdicates and is driven to the wilderness by his eldest and second daughters. The third daughter, who becomes the queen of France, leads the army to save his father, but is killed. Lear sadly dies beside her.

The entire drama has two parallel storylines. The main storyline tells the story of the ancient British king Lear, who was in a state of old age and stupidity, and wanted to divide his land among his three daughters based on his love for him. The eldest daughter, Gonalier, and the second daughter, Reagan, both used sweet words to deceive the old man, but the youngest daughter, Cordelia, spoke honestly and said, “I love you just by my name, not much, not much. Lear angrily expelled his youngest daughter, married her far away to France, and divided the land equally between his two hypocritical daughters. However, he was mercilessly neglected by the two daughters, and in a fit of anger, he ran to the wilderness in the storm and joined Edgar, a disguised madman. Later, the youngest daughter launched a campaign from France and finally met her father and daughter. However, the British and French armies engaged in battle, and the French army was defeated. Cordelia was captured and soon hanged by Edmund. Lear held her body in his arms and died crazily in grief and anger. Another secondary clue is that Count Gloucester believed the slander of his commoner son Edmund and exiled his eldest son Edgar. Later, due to his sympathy for Lear, he was stripped of his eyes. While wandering in the wilderness, he met Edgar, his son who had become a beggar. He helped him forward, but he didn’t know that he was the son who had been kicked out by himself. After his son Edmund inherited the title, he also colluded with Lear’s eldest and second daughters, causing them to become jealous and kill each other. In the end, the second daughter was poisoned, and the eldest daughter’s plot to murder her husband was exposed before committing suicide. Edmund received Edgar’s challenge and was killed in the duel.

The story of King Lear comes from ancient British legends, and there are many poems and essays based on this theme. Shakespeare added original content such as tragic endings and King Lear’s madness to the story blueprint.

William Shakespeare was at the peak of his artistic career when he wrote King Lear. He has a clearer and more thorough view of life and the world, and is more concerned with the contemplation of human nature, morality, and philosophy.