辛伯林·莎士比亚全集36

2023年-06月-08日 ➠ 230 ➠ ♥ 0

Culture文化 Masterpiece名著 283P 辛伯林·莎士比亚全集36

《辛白林》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作的戏剧，首次出版于1623年。
剧中主要讲的是英国国王辛白林因听信后妻的谗言，而错怪自己的亲生女儿伊摩琴；伊摩琴的丈夫也因受人捉弄而对妻子的贞节产生了怀疑。最后，辛白林在早年失散的两个儿子以及女儿、女婿的帮助下战胜了罗马入侵者。剧终时父子团圆，女儿、女婿也解除了误会，破镜重圆。全剧情节众多，交错发展，宽恕与和解是全剧的主题。
奥古斯都·凯撒执掌罗马皇位期间，不列颠国王辛白林有一个女儿和两个从小就被偷走的儿子。国王的第二位妻子，如今的王后有一个儿子，名克洛顿，辛白林原打算将女儿伊摩琴许配给他；但是她已与一位平民波塞摩斯·莱奥那图斯私结连理。辛白林将波塞摩斯放逐到罗马，在那里他遇到了亚基莫。亚基莫打赌说自己可以勾引伊摩琴。他赶往不列颠，发现伊摩琴忠贞难犯，于是密藏在她的卧室中，得到了种种证据，让波塞摩斯不得不相信亚基莫赢得了赌注。波塞摩斯命令其仆人皮萨尼奥在米尔福德港杀死伊摩琴。皮萨尼奥没有照做，反而劝她女扮男装，化名为菲代尔。在威尔士境内，伊摩琴遇到了自己的两个哥哥，他们是二十年前被遭到放逐的大臣贝拉律斯从王宫里偷出来的。克洛顿穿上波塞摩斯的衣服，追逐伊摩琴到威尔士，一心要奸污她，并要杀死波塞摩斯。结果，他反而被伊摩琴的大哥砍头杀死。而伊摩琴吃下一剂迷睡药之后，被误以为已经丧命。二人葬于一处。伊摩琴（菲代尔）苏醒后，加入进犯不列颠的罗马军队，这次进犯的直接起因在于辛白林拒绝向罗马进贡。波塞摩斯和两位王子表现神勇，战功卓著，击退了罗马军队。最后一场，谜团一一解开，个人恩怨得到化解，国家间也恢复了和平。
《辛白林》约写于1608—1610年间，收在1623年刊行的第一对开本中。辛白林历史上实有其人，是公元初期一位凯尔特部落首领；剧中的辛白林与史实有较大的出入，威廉·莎士比亚主要依据的是霍林雪德所著的《编年史》（1587）。他还可能参照过托马斯·勃伦纳勒塞特所著的《权贵者的镜子》（1578）和约翰·希金斯所著的《权贵者的镜子》。
对于《辛白林》的故事来源，莎学家众说纷纭。从剧中的主线和副线故事中都可以看出16世纪出版的英国编年史和意大利作家薄伽丘的代表作《十日谈》的影响。有的评论家因发现该剧与同代剧作家弗莱彻的《菲拉斯特》有相似之处，而对《辛白林》是否出自莎士比亚之手提出了质疑。应该承认，威廉·莎士比亚的悲喜剧在一定程度上受到了鲍蒙特和弗莱彻的影响，但《辛白林》是在他开始与弗莱彻合作之前独立完成的。
Cymbeline “is a play created by British playwright William Shakespeare, first published in 1623.

The main story in the play is that King Cymbeline of England wrongly blamed his biological daughter Imogen for listening to his stepwife’s slander; Imogen’s husband also became suspicious of his wife’s chastity due to being teased. Finally, with the help of his two sons who had been separated in his early years, as well as his daughter and son-in-law, Xinbailin defeated the Roman invaders. At the end of the play, the father and son reunited, and the daughter and son-in-law also resolved their misunderstandings and reunited. The plot of the entire drama is numerous and intertwined, with forgiveness and reconciliation being the main theme.

During Augustus Caesar’s reign in Rome, King Cymbeline of Britain had a daughter and two sons who had been stolen since childhood. The second wife of the king, now the queen, had a son named Croton. Simberlin had planned to betroth his daughter Imogen to him; But she has privately married a commoner named Posimos Leonatus. Cymbeline exiled Posimos to Rome, where he met Aquimos. Yakimo bet that he could seduce Imogen. He rushed to Britain and found that Imogen was loyal and difficult to break, so he hid in her bedroom and obtained various evidence, which made Posimos believe that Archimo had won the bet. Bosemus ordered his servant Pissanio to kill Imogen in Milford Haven. Instead of doing so, Pissanio persuaded her to dress up as a man and change her name to Fidel. In Wales, Imogen met his two brothers, who were stolen from the palace by the exiled minister Bellarhus twenty years ago. Croton put on Posimos’ clothes and chased Imogen to Wales, with the intention of raping her and killing Posimos. As a result, he was instead beheaded and killed by Imogen’s elder brother. After taking a dose of sleeping pills, Imogen was mistakenly thought to have died. The two were buried together. After Imogen (Fidel) woke up, he joined the Roman army that invaded Britain. The direct cause of this invasion was Cymbeline’s refusal to pay tribute to Rome. Posimos and the two princes demonstrated extraordinary bravery and achieved remarkable results in defeating the Roman army. In the final scene, the mysteries were solved one by one, personal grievances were resolved, and peace between countries was restored.

Xinbailin was written about 1608-1610 and included in the First Folio published in 1623. There is indeed a person in the history of Xinbailin, who was a leader of a Celtic tribe in the early AD; There is a significant discrepancy between Xinbailin in the play and historical facts, and William Shakespeare mainly relied on Hollinghead’s “Chronicles” (1587). He may also have referred to Thomas Brennaleset’s Mirror of the Powerful (1578) and John Higgins’s Mirror of the Powerful.

There are various opinions among Shakespearean scholars regarding the source of the story in “Xinbailin”. The influence of the 16th century British chronicles and the representative work of Italian writer Boccaccio, “The Decameron,” can be seen from both the main and secondary stories in the play. Some critics questioned whether Simberlin was written by Shakespeare because they found that the play was similar to Fletcher’s “Philaster”. It should be admitted that William Shakespeare’s Tragicomedy was influenced by Beaumont and Fletcher to some extent, but Cymbeline was completed independently before he began to cooperate with Fletcher.