《瓶史》明代文学家袁宏道著。关于折花插瓶的文章，写得最好的也许是袁中郎（袁宏道著）。他所着的《瓶史》是讨论插瓶的书，在日本获得很高的评价，因此日本有所谓“袁派”的插花。此本为绣水周氏家藏版，可能是明万历的刊本。
《瓶史》全书有花目、品第、器具、择水、宜称、屏俗、花崇、洗沐、使令、好事、清赏、监戒等二十节。该书在日本造成轰动，被尊崇为“宏道流”派。政本因元赞知有中郎也。日本高僧元政上人致陈元赟书曰：“数日前探市得《袁中郎集》，乐府妙绝，不可复言，《广庄》诸篇识地高，《瓶史》风流，可见其人。”
以下是林语堂的：袁中郎的《瓶史》
关于折花插瓶的文章，写得最好的也许是袁中郎。他生于十六世纪的末叶。是我最爱好的一位作家。他所着的《瓶史》是讨论插瓶的书，在日本获得很高的评价，因此日本有所谓“袁派”的插花。他在这书的小引里说：“夫山水花竹者，名之所不在，奔竞之所不至也。天下之人，栖止于嚣崖利薮，目眯尘沙，心疲计算，欲有之而有所不暇。故幽人韵士，得以乘间而踞为一日之有。”可是，他又说：赏玩瓶花系“暂时快心事”，“无狙以为常，而忘山水之大乐”。
他说书斋中欲插花时，取花宜慎，宁可无花，不可“滥及凡卉”；接着他便叙述各种可用的铜器花瓶和陶器花瓶。花瓶可分两类：富翁有汉代古铜花瓶和大厅堂，宜用大瓶插长枝大花；学者书斋中则宜用小瓶插较小的花，所插的花亦宜慎择。可是牡丹和莲花，形体既大，宜插大瓶，不在此限。
关于插花一节，他说：
插花不可太繁，亦不可太瘦，多不过二种三种。高低疏密，如画苑布置方妙。置瓶忌两对，忌一律，忌成行列，忌以绳束缚，夫花之所谓整齐者，正以参差不伦，意态天然；如子瞻之文，随意断续，青莲之诗，不拘对偶，此真整齐也。若夫枝叶相当，红白相配，此省曹墀下树，墓门华表也。恶得为整齐哉？
择枝折枝时，宜择瘦者雅者，枝叶亦不宜太繁。一瓶只插花一二种，插二种时，宜加排列，使之如生自一枝者然。……
花宜与瓶相配，高于瓶约四五寸，若瓶高二尺，腹底宽大，则花出瓶口以二尺六七寸为佳。……若瓶身高而细，宜插两枝，一长一短，弯曲伸出瓶外，花则短于瓶数寸。插花切忌太稀，亦忌太繁。若以绳束缚之如柄，则韵致全失尽矣。花插小瓶中，宜短于瓶身二寸，伸出瓶外。八寸细瓶，宜插长六七寸之花。然若瓶形肥大，则花长于瓶二寸亦无妨也。
室中天然几一，藤床一。几宜阔厚，宜细滑。凡本地边栏漆桌描金螺钿床，及彩花瓶架之类，皆置不用。在“沐”花方面，作者对于花的情趣表现着深切的了解。
夫花有喜怒寤寐。晓夕浴花者，得其候，乃为膏雨。澹云薄日，夕阳佳月，花之晓也。狂风连雨，烈焰浓寒，花之夕也。檀辰烘目，媚体藏风，花之喜也。晕酣神敛，烟色迷离，花之愁也。欹枝困槛，如不胜风，花之梦也。
嫣然流盼，光华溢目，花之醒也。晓则空亭大厦；昏则曲房奥室；愁则屏气危坐；喜则欢呼调笑；梦则垂帘下
帷；醒则分膏理泽。所以悦其性情，适其起居也。浴晓者上也；浴寐者次也；浴喜者下也。若夫浴夕浴愁，直花刑耳，又何取哉？
浴之法，用泉甘而清者，细微浇注，如微雨解醒，清露润甲，不可以手触花，及指尖折剔，亦不可付之庸奴猥婢。浴梅宜隐士，浴海棠宜韵客，浴牡丹芍药宜靓妆妙女，浴榴宜体艳色婢，浴木樨宜清慧儿，浴莲宜娇媚妾，浴菊宜好古而奇者，浴腊梅宜清瘦僧。然寒花性不耐浴，当以轻绡护之。
据袁氏的见解，某种花插在瓶中时，应该有某种花做它的使令。依中国人的旧习惯，淑女贵妇都有终身随从服侍的婢女，因此一般人认为美人有艳婢随侍在侧，看来便是十全十美的。淑女贵妇和婢女都应该是美丽的，可是不知何故，人们认为某一种美是属于婢女的，而不是属于主妇的。婢女和她们的主妇看起来不调和，就象马厩和地主的田宅不配合一样。袁氏把这种观念应用于花，所以他主张说：“梅花以迎春瑞香山茶为婢，海棠以平婆林枪丁香为婢，牡丹以玫瑰蔷薇木香为婢，芍药以罂粟蜀葵为婢，石榴以紫薇大红千叶木槿为婢，莲花以山矾玉簪为婢，木樨以芙蓉为婢，菊以黄白山茶秋海棠为婢，腊梅以水仙为婢。诸婢姿态，各盛一时，浓澹雅俗，亦有品评。水仙神骨清绝，织女之梁玉清也。山茶鲜妍，瑞香芬烈，玫瑰旖旎，芙蓉明艳，石氏之翔风，羊家之净琬也。……山矾洁而逸，有林下气，鱼玄机之绿翘也。……丁香瘦，玉簪寒，秋海棠娇，然有酸态，郑康成崔秀才之侍儿也。”
The History of Bottles is written by Yuan Hongdao, a writer of the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Zhonglang (written by Yuan Hongdao) is probably the best writer of the article about folding flower vases. His “The History of the Bottle” is a book about vase arrangement, which has been highly praised in Japan. Therefore, Japan has the so-called “Yuan School” flower arrangement. This is the collection edition of Zhou’s family in Xiushui. It may be the publication of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty.

The whole book of “The History of the Vase” has 20 sections, such as flowers, articles, utensils, water selection, proper name, screen customs, flower worship, bathing, envoys, good deeds, clear rewards, and supervision. The book has caused a sensation in Japan and is respected as the “grand school”. The prime minister knew that there was a Zhonglang because of Yuan Zang. The Japanese eminent monk Yuan Zhengshang wrote to Chen Yuanyun, “A few days ago, I got the” Collection of Yuan Zhonglang “from the market, which is wonderful in Yuefu. It can’t be repeated. The articles in” Guangzhuang “are highly knowledgeable, and the” History of the Bottle “is romantic. It can be seen who he is.”

Here is Lin Yutang’s: The History of the Bottle by Yuan Zhonglang

Yuan Zhonglang may be the best writer of the article about folding flower vases. He was born at the end of the sixteenth century. He is my favorite writer. His “The History of the Bottle” is a book about vase arrangement, which has been highly praised in Japan. Therefore, Japan has the so-called “Yuan School” flower arrangement. He said in the introduction of the book: “People who live in the mountains of flowers and bamboos are not where their names are, and they are not where they can run. People in the world, who live in the places of noisy cliffs, squint at the dust, are tired of calculating, and have no time to have them. Therefore, the hermit charmer can sit in the room for a day.” However, he said, “appreciating the vase flowers is a” temporary pleasure “,” taking no sniper for granted, and forget the great joy of mountains and rivers “.

He said that when you want to arrange flowers in the study, you should be careful in choosing flowers, rather than “overuse all flowers”; Then he described the various available copper vases and pottery vases. The vases can be divided into two categories: the rich man has the bronze vases of the Han Dynasty and the hall hall, and it is appropriate to use large vases to insert long branches of large flowers; In scholars’ study, smaller flowers should be inserted in small bottles, and the flowers inserted should also be carefully selected. However, peonies and lotuses are both large in shape and should be placed in large bottles.

On the flower arrangement section, he said:

Flower arrangement should not be too complicated or too thin. There are only two or three kinds of flower arrangement. High and low density, such as the layout of the painting garden. Two pairs of bottles should not be placed, the same should not be placed, the ranks should not be formed, the ropes should not be tied, the so-called neat flowers should be uneven, and the mood should be natural; Such as Zizhan’s prose, which is randomly interrupted, and Qinglian’s poetry, which is not limited to antithesis, is really neat. If the branches and leaves are the same, and the red and white match, there will be trees under the Cao Chi in this province, and the tomb door will also be decorated. How neat is evil?

When selecting branches and broken branches, it is better to choose the thin and elegant ones, and the branches and leaves should not be too complex. Only one or two kinds of flowers can be arranged in one bottle. When inserting two kinds of flowers, it is advisable to arrange them so that they are like those born from one branch

The flowers should be matched with the bottle, about four or five inches higher than the bottle. If the bottle is two feet high and the bottom of the stomach is wide, the best way to spend is two feet six or seven inches If the bottle is tall and thin, it is better to insert two branches, one long and the other short, and bend out of the bottle, and the flowers are several inches shorter than the bottle. Do not cut flowers too thin or too complicated. If you bind it with a rope like a handle, you will lose all your charm. In the vase, it should be two inches shorter than the body and extend out of the bottle. An eight-inch bottle should be inserted with flowers of six or seven inches in length. However, if the bottle is fat, the flower is two inches longer than the bottle.

What is natural in the room? A rattan bed. It should be wide and thick, and fine and smooth. All the painted tables with gold mother-of-pearl beds and colored vase racks in the local sidebar are not used. In terms of “bathing” flowers, the author has a deep understanding of the taste of flowers.

The flower sleeps with joy and anger. Those who bathe in flowers at dawn and evening will get their time, which is the cream rain. The clouds are thin and the sun is thin, the setting sun is beautiful and the dawn of flowers is beautiful. The wind and rain, the fire and cold, the night of flowers. The sandalwood stars shine the eyes, the beautiful body hides the wind, and the flowers are happy. He is dizzy and restrained, the smoke color is blurred, and the worry of flowers is also. The branches are trapped on the sill, like the wind, and the dream of flowers.

Smiling, dazzling, flowers wake up. Xiaozekong Pavilion Building; In the evening, the room is full of music; Anxiety leads to breathless sitting; Joy is cheering and laughing; Dreams fall under the curtain

Curtain; When you wake up, you will be divided into cream and cream. So please their temperament and adapt to their living conditions. Those who bathe in the morning also go up; Bathing and sleeping is the second; Those who bathe in joy also descend. If you spend your time in the bath and worry about it, how can you choose it?

The method of bathing, which is sweet and clear with spring, can be slightly poured, such as the light rain to wake up, the clear dew to moisten the nail. It is not allowed to touch the flowers with hands, and the fingertips to pick, nor can it be paid to the mediocre slave or the maidservant. Plum bath is suitable for hermits, Begonia bath is suitable for charm guests, peony and peony bath is suitable for beautiful makeup girls, pomegranate bath is suitable for gorgeous color maids, Melilotus bath is suitable for clear and intelligent children, lotus bath is suitable for charming concubines, chrysanthemum bath is suitable for ancient and strange people, and Plum bath is suitable for thin monks. However, the cold flower is not resistant to bath, so it should be protected with light silk.

According to Yuan’s opinion, when a certain flower is inserted in a bottle, it should have a certain flower as its messenger. According to the old habits of Chinese people, ladies and ladies have maidservants who serve as attendants for life. Therefore, it is generally believed that beauty is perfect if she has gorgeous maidservants at her side. Both ladies and maids should be beautiful, but somehow, people think that a certain kind of beauty belongs to maids, not housewives. The maidservants and their housewives seem to be incompatible, just like the stables and the landlord’s fields and houses do not match. Yuan applied this concept to flowers, So he argued that: “Plum blossom takes the jasmine camellia as its maid, begonia takes the lilac of Pingpolin as its maid, peony takes the rose rosewood as its maid, peony takes the poppy hollyhock as its maid, pomegranate takes the crape myrtle and the red hibiscus as its maid, lotus takes the alum hairpin as its maid, melilotus takes the hibiscus as its maid, chrysanthemum takes the yellow and white camellia begonia as its maid, and wintersweet takes the narcissus as its maid. All the maidservants’ postures, which are in full bloom for a while, are simple and elegant, and also have a taste. The narcissus has clear bones, and the weaver’s Liang Yuqing Also 。 The camellia is fresh and beautiful, the fragrance is fragrant and strong, the roses are beautiful, the lotus is bright and beautiful, the flying wind of the Shi family, and the net Wan of the Yang family The mountain alum is clean and elegant, has the air under the forest, and has the green color of mystery The lilac is thin, the jade hairpin is cold, and the begonia is tender, but it is sour. Zheng Kangcheng is Cui Xiucai’s servant. “

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