《太极图说》是中国宋代周敦颐为其《太极图》写的一篇说明。全文249字。王守仁/王阳明是我国宋明时期主观唯心主义集大成者。在明代中期以后，形成了阳明学派。此本为王阳明行书《太极图说》清末的一个填墨本。无极而太极。太极动而生阳，动极而静，静而生阴，静极复动。一动一静，互为其根。分阴分阳，两仪立焉。阳变阴合，而生水火木金土。五气顺布，四时行焉。五行一阴阳也，阴阳一太极也，太极本无极也。五行之生也，各一其性。无极之真，二五之精，妙合而凝。乾道成男，坤道成女。二气交感，化生万物。万物生生而变化无穷焉。唯人也得其秀而最灵。形既生矣，神发知矣。五性感动而善恶分，万事出矣。圣人定之以中正仁义而主静，立人极焉。故圣人“与天地合其德，日月合其明，四时合其序，鬼神合其吉凶”，君子修之吉，小人悖之凶。故曰：“立天之道，曰阴与阳。立地之道，曰柔与刚。立人之道，曰仁与义。”又曰：“原始反终，故知死生之说。”大哉易也，斯其至矣！该文认为，“太极”是宇宙的本原，人和万物都是由于阴阳二气和水火木金土五行相互作用构成的。五行统一于阴阳，阴阳统一于太极。文中突出人的价值和作用，该文主张：“惟人也，得其秀而最灵。”在人群中，又特别突出圣人的价值和作用，认为“圣人定之以中正仁义，而主静，立人极焉”。该文对后世影响很大，版本很多，朱熹《近思录》、黄宗羲等所编《宋元学案》等尽皆收入。
“Tai Chi Diagram” is an explanation written by Zhou Dunyi of the Song Dynasty for his “Tai Chi Diagram”. The full text is 249 words. Wang Shouren/Wang Yangming is the epitome of subjective idealism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Yangming School was formed. This is an ink-filled version of Wang Yangming’s running script “Tai Chi Illustrated” at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Limitless and Tai Chi. Tai Chi moves and generates Yang, moves and remains static, and remains static and generates Yin. One movement and one stillness are the roots of each other. Yin and Yang are separated. Yang turns into yin and generates water, fire, wood, gold and earth. The five qi flow smoothly, and the four seasons flow. The five elements are yin and yang, and yin and yang are also tai chi. Each of the five elements has its own characteristics. The infinite truth, the quintessence of the two and five, is wonderful and congealed. Qian Dao becomes a man, and Kun Dao becomes a woman. The two gases are sympathetic, and all things are born. Everything is born and changes endlessly. Only people can be beautiful and smart. The form is born, and the spirit is born. The five natures are moved and the good and the evil are divided. Everything happens. The saints set the principle of justice and righteousness, and the principle of tranquility. Therefore, the sage “combines virtue with heaven and earth, brightness with the sun and the moon, order with the four seasons, and good and bad with ghosts and gods”, which is the good fortune of the gentleman and the bad fortune of the villain. Therefore, he said, “The way to establish the heaven is yin and yang. The way to establish the earth is soft and hard. The way to establish people is benevolence and righteousness.” He also said, “The beginning and the end are reversed, so we know the theory of death and life.” It is great and easy! This article believes that “Tai Chi” is the origin of the universe, and that people and all things are formed by the interaction of yin and yang, water, fire, wood, gold and earth. The five elements are unified in yin and yang, and yin and yang are unified in tai chi. The article highlights the value and role of human beings. The article advocates that “only human beings are the most beautiful ones.” In the crowd, the value and role of saints are particularly highlighted, and that “saints are determined by virtue of righteousness and righteousness, while they are calm and upright”. This article has a great impact on later generations, with many versions. Zhu Xi’s “Recent Thoughts” and Huang Zongxi’s “Song and Yuan Learning Plan” are all included.

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