雍和宫集（1~20） – 全球珍藏

2023年-06月-14日 ➠ 299 ➠ ♥ 0

分类 Region地理 260篇中百篇内相关文章

雍和宫（The Lama Temple），位于北京市区东北角，清康熙三十三年（1694年），康熙帝在此建造府邸、赐予四子胤禛，即后来的雍亲王府。雍正三年（1725年），改王府为行宫，称雍和宫，雍正十三年（1735年），雍正帝驾崩，曾于此停放灵柩，因此，雍和宫主要殿堂原绿色琉璃瓦改为黄色琉璃瓦。
雍和宫，因乾隆皇帝诞生于此，雍和宫出了两位皇帝，成了“龙潜福地”，所以殿宇为黄瓦红墙，与紫禁城皇宫一样规格。乾隆九年（1744年），雍和宫改为喇嘛庙，特派总理事务王大臣管理其事务，并成为清政府掌管全国藏传佛教事务的中心。雍和宫是清朝中后期全国规格最高的一座佛教寺院。
雍和宫，1983年被国务院确定为汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院，该寺院主要由三座精致的牌坊和五进宏伟的大殿组成。从飞檐斗拱的东西牌坊到古色古香东、西顺山楼共占地面积66400平方米，有殿宇千余间。
2022年7月19日起，雍和宫恢复开放。
雍和宫最早为清世宗胤禛作贝勒和亲王时期的府邸、清高宗弘历降生和成长之地，是雍、乾两代帝王的“在潜之居”。清朝康熙三十三年（1694），康熙帝在此建造府邸，赐予四子雍亲王，称雍亲王府；雍正三年（1725），改王府为行宫，称雍和宫；乾隆九年（1744），雍和宫改为喇嘛庙，特派总理事务王大臣管理其事务，并成为清政府掌管全国藏传佛教事务的中心。
新中国成立后，1950—1952年间，国家两次拨款对雍和宫进行全面修缮。
1952—1954年间，毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德等党和国家领导人亲临雍和宫视察，对僧人生活、寺院管理给予极大关怀。
1961年3月，雍和宫被国务院列为全国第一批国家重点文物保护单位。
1981年2月作为宗教活动场所对社会开放；
1983年被国务院确定为汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院；
1995年雍和宫藏传佛教艺术博物馆挂牌成立。
1957年10月北京市人民委员会公布了包括雍和宫在内的北京市第一批39个文物保护单位。
雍和宫主要由三座精致的牌坊和五进宏伟的大殿组成。从飞檐斗拱的东西牌坊到古色古香东、西顺山楼，共占地面积66400平方米，有殿宇千余间。寺院建筑布局完整，规制合乎梵宇伽蓝。寺院前端矗立牌坊，昭泰门前铺设辇道，显尽皇家敕建气势。前部有七座建筑：昭泰门、钟楼、鼓楼、雍和门、雍和宫、讲经殿、密宗殿。后部各殿逐级升高，象征佛陀世界的庄严吉祥。而大经堂法轮殿顶的“一大四小”五座藏式天窗，深含佛教“须弥山”被四大部洲簇拥环绕的寓意。讲经殿、密宗殿、时轮殿和药师殿“四大扎仓”的设立，标志着雍和宫是座藏传佛教的完整学府。最高建筑万佛阁及楼内耸立着的巨大“迈达拉佛”，寓意着“当来下生佛”与“兜率天宫”的圣境景象。
雍和宫坐北朝南，全部占地面积为6.6公顷，据1950年统计，共有房661间，其中佛殿238间。其建筑风格非常独特，融汉、满、蒙等各民族建筑艺术于一体。整座寺庙的建筑分东、中、西三路，中路由七进院落和五层殿堂组成中轴线，左右还有多种配殿和配楼。
中路建筑主要包括牌楼院、昭泰门、天王殿、雍和宫殿、永佑殿、法轮殿、万福阁等。牌楼院位于雍和宫最南部，大门坐东朝西，东、西、北各立一木牌坊，南侧有一黄、绿琉璃砖瓦的影壁。
牌楼院北为昭泰门，中间为一间正门，两侧各有一旁门，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，棋盘大门。
昭泰门北为天王殿，又称雍和门，殿原为王府的宫门，后改建为天王殿。殿面阔五间，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，重昂五踩斗栱，和玺彩画，前檐为障日板，明、次间为壸门，梢间为壸门式斜方格窗。后檐为五抹斜方格门窗，明、次间为门，梢间为窗。殿内为井口天花，地铺方砖，供有布袋尊者和四大天王塑像。
殿北有御碑亭，又名四体碑亭，黄琉璃筒瓦重檐四角攒尖顶，上檐为重昂五踩斗栱，下檐为单翘单昂五踩溜金斗栱，和玺彩画，亭内立有一四方碑，上以满、汉、蒙、藏四种文字刻乾隆帝所撰写的《喇嘛说》。
雍和宫殿在碑亭之北，殿原为王府银安殿，现相当于一般寺庙的大雄宝殿。殿黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，面阔七间，单翘重昂斗栱，和玺彩画，前有月台，围以黄、绿、红琉璃砖花墙，明间上悬雕龙华带匾，中刻满、汉、蒙、藏四种文字所题“雍和宫”。殿内供有三尊青铜质泥金佛像，及蒙麻泼金十八罗汉像。
殿前东西有配楼，东为温度孙殿（密宗殿），西为擦尼特殿（讲经殿），均为灰筒瓦重檐硬山顶重楼，面阔七间，后厦三间，上下层均出廊。
雍和宫北为永佑殿，原为王府正寝殿，后殿因供奉雍正帝影像而改名为“神御殿”，乾隆九年（1744）行宫改建寺庙后，改为今名，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，面阔五间，重昂五踩斗栱，前后均为三交六椀棱花门窗，下有龟背纹绿琉璃槛墙，前有三出陛台阶二层。殿内正中供有三尊高2.35米的白檀木雕佛像，殿前有东西配殿，分别为额椅殿（医学殿）和宁阿殿（数学殿）。
出永佑殿后门，即入法轮殿院落。法轮殿为举行法事的场所，建筑平面呈十字形，面阔七间，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，前出轩后抱厦各五间，轩厦均为黄筒瓦歇山卷棚顶。殿顶四边各有一黄筒瓦悬山顶天窗，殿顶及天窗顶各建有一藏族风格的镏金宝塔。殿内正中供奉一尊高6.1米的黄教创始人宗喀巴大师的铜坐像，像背后有紫檀木雕成的五百罗汉山，东西壁还有以释迦牟尼为题材的壁画。
戒台楼位于法轮殿西侧，系乾隆四十五年（1780），乾隆帝为迎六世班禅进京为己祝寿、受戒而建；班禅楼位于法轮殿东侧，最初是供奉药师佛的法坛称药师楼，六世班禅进京时以此处为住所，楼因之得名。
两楼皆为黄筒瓦重楼歇山顶，上层九间有廊，下层二十五间南面有三出陛台阶四层。法轮殿之北是万福阁，是雍和宫寺庙建筑群中北端最高的建筑。阁为黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，重檐重楼，高25米，上、中、下各层面阔、进深均为五间。上层为重昂五踩斗栱，和玺彩画，正中匾为“圆观并应”；中层为重昂五踩斗栱，和玺彩画，四周带廊及护栏板，正中匾为“净域慧因”；下层为单翘单昂斗栱，和玺彩画，前后三出陛，正中悬雕龙华带匾，上以满、汉、蒙、藏四种文字书“万福阁”。阁内供奉一地上18米、地下8米，总高26米的木雕迈达拉佛（弥勒站像），其主干由整棵白檀木雕刻而成。
万福阁东西两侧分别为永康阁和延绥阁，中间以悬空阁道式飞廊相连通。绥成殿在万福阁北，是雍和宫中路最北端的建筑，黄琉璃筒瓦硬山顶，重檐重楼，上下均出廊，面阔七间，殿前有月台与万福阁相连。
雍和宫由和天王殿、雍和宫大殿、永佑殿、法轮殿、万福阁等五进宏伟大殿组成，另外还有东西配殿、“四学殿”（讲经殿、密宗殿、数学殿、药师殿）。整个建筑布局院落从南向北渐次缩小，而殿宇则依次升高。
出雍和门，院中依次有铜鼎、御碑亭、铜须弥山、嘛呢杆和主殿雍和宫。主殿原名银安殿，是当初雍亲王接见文武官员的场所，改建喇嘛庙后，相当于一般寺院的大雄宝殿。殿内正北供三尊高近两米的铜质三世佛像。三世佛像有两组：一组是中为娑婆世界释迦牟尼佛，左为东方世界药师佛。
右为西方世界阿弥陀佛。这是空间世界的三世佛，表示到处皆有佛。空间为横向，所以又叫横三世佛。各地大雄宝殿供三世佛的，多为横三世佛。雍和宫大殿的三世佛则表示过去、现在和未来的时间流程，说明无时不有佛，即中为佛释迦牟尼佛，左为过去佛燃灯佛，右为未来佛弥勒佛。空间为宇，时间为宙，意为宇宙无处不佛。正殿东北角供铜观世音立像，西北角供铜弥勒立像。两面山墙前的宝座上端坐着十八罗汉。大殿前院中两庑是“四学殿”。
两碑亭之间，便是雍和门，上悬乾隆皇帝手书“雍和门”大匾，相当于汉传佛教的山门、天王殿。殿前的青铜狮子，造型生动。殿内正中金漆雕龙宝座上，坐着笑容可掬、袒胸露腹的弥勒菩萨塑像。大殿两侧，东西相对而立的是泥金彩塑四大天王。天王脚踏鬼怪，表明天王镇压邪魔、慈护天下的职责和功德。弥勒塑像后面，是脚踩浮云，戴盔披甲的护法神将韦驮。
出雍和宫大殿，便是永佑殿，单檐歇山顶，“明五暗十”构造，即外面看是五间房子，实际上是两个五间合并在一起改建而成的。永佑殿在王府时代，是雍亲王的书房和寝殿。后成为清朝供先帝的影堂。永佑是永远保佑先帝亡灵之意。殿内正中莲花宝座上，是三尊高2.35米的佛像，系檀木雕制，中为无量寿佛（即阿弥陀佛），左为药师佛，右为狮吼佛。出永佑殿，便到法轮殿。左右两侧为班禅楼和戒台楼。法轮殿平面呈十字形，殿顶上建有5座天窗式的暗楼，有5座铜质鎏金宝塔，为藏族传统建筑形式。
法轮殿是汉藏文化交融的结晶。殿内正中巨大的莲花台上端坐一尊高6.1米的铜制佛像，面带微笑，是藏传佛教黄教的创始人宗喀巴大师。这尊铜像塑于1924年，耗资20万银元，历时两年才完成。宗喀巴像背后，是被誉为雍和宫木雕三绝之一的五百罗汉山，高近5米，长3.5米，厚30厘米，全部由紫檀木精细雕镂而成。五百罗汉山前有一金丝楠木雕成的木盆，据说当年乾隆帝呱呱坠地后三天，曾用此盆洗澡，俗名“洗三盆”。
出法轮殿，便是高25米，飞檐三重的万福阁。其两旁是永康阁和延绥阁。两座楼阁有飞廊连接，峥嵘崔嵬，宛如仙宫楼阙，具有辽金时代的建筑风格。万福阁内巍然矗立一尊迈达拉佛（弥勒佛），高18米，地下埋入8米。佛身宽8米，是由七世达赖喇嘛的进贡礼品，用整棵名贵的白檀香木雕成。据说乾隆帝为雕刻大佛，用银达8万余两，这尊大佛也是雍和宫木雕三绝之一，还有一尊木雕三绝在万佛阁前东配殿照佛楼内，名金丝楠木佛龛，采用透雕手法，共有99条云龙，条条栩栩如生。
木雕三绝：指五百罗汉山、檀木大佛和楠木佛龛。“五百罗汉山”在法轮殿，整个山体由紫檀木雕刻而成，层峦叠嶂、阁塔错落；五百个用金、银、铜、铁、锡铸制的罗汉置身其间；讲演佛法的、降龙伏虎的、乘鹤飞升的，或坐或卧，或醉或思，或笑或痴，姿势生动，神态各异，造型逼真，雕技精湛。
檀木大佛就是万福阁的迈达拉佛。这尊巨佛是用一棵白檀树的主干雕成的，高二十六米，地上十八米（地下埋有八米），直径八米，全重约一百吨，是中国最大的独木雕像。由于雍和宫坐落在柏林寺右，乾隆帝恐其影响“龙潜禁地”风水，准备在雍和宫北部空旷之地建高阁供一大佛，以作靠障，借助佛力保佑平安。
铜铸须弥山：雍和宫大殿前的庭院里，椭圆形汉白玉石座上的石池中，有座高达1.5米的青铜“须弥山”。须弥山是梵文Sumeru的音译，意译为“妙高”。它是古印度神话中的名山，据说是世界的中心。佛经认为，世界的最底层是风轮，其上是水轮，再上是地轮。地轮之上有九山八海，须弥山就在这山海之间。
须弥山高八万四千由旬（“由旬”是古印度计算距离的单位），日月环绕须弥山回旋出没，三界诸天也依须弥山层层建立。须弥山腰有“犍陀罗山”，山外有铁围山所围绕的咸海，咸海四周还有四大部洲即：东胜神洲、南赡部洲、西牛贺洲和北俱芦洲。这四大部洲就由四位天王护持。须弥山顶部为“帝释天”。
帝释天下面有一圈星象图，是按古代天文观测的结果依次排列的。据说这些星座的分布和标记大体上符合现代天文学的研究成果。在佛教中，须弥山是世界最高的山，山顶的帝释天自然也就是世界最高的天，是天堂极乐之处。因为须弥山是“世界的中心”，所以，佛祖释迦牟尼经常在此讲经说法。不少寺院石窟佛都坐在叫做“须弥座”的座位上，成为一种象征。
雍和宫大殿原是雍亲王胤禛在府里升殿受贺的地方，叫“银安殿”。雍和宫改为喇嘛庙后，银安殿成为正殿，便供奉三尊高两米的铜佛，两侧汉白玉石座上排列蒙麻披金的十八罗汉。这三尊铜佛都结跏趺坐。佛像背后是蛟龙背光。背光象征像的身光，成叶形屏风状，上雕刻蛟龙象征释迦牟尼诞生时九龙灌浴。
这三尊铜像的中间为释迦牟尼佛，他是现在世的佛，结跏趺坐，右手放在右腿膝盖上，称“成道印”,表示他在大地上艰苦卓绝的修行唯有大地能够证明；左手向上放在左腿上是“禅定印”，表示他静坐思虑人生的无尽苦难。东边上首是燃灯佛，他是代表过去世的佛，佛经说他出生时身边一切光明如灯。
释迦牟尼前世曾买五茎莲花供献燃灯佛，燃灯佛预言释迦牟尼九十一劫后之“此贤劫”（现在世）时成佛。燃灯佛结跏趺坐，右手的大拇指和食指扣在一起，合成一个圆圈，表示修成正果。西边弥勒是代表未来的佛。他结跏趺坐。双手成“说法印”，表示他五十六亿七千万年后，“三会龙华”，对天、人、地、众生说法。大殿供这三尊佛，表明从无限久远的过去，到无限遥远的未来，都是佛的世界；这是从时间上说佛教历史悠久、生命久长。由于时间从上古到今世到未来呈竖向，所以称“竖三世佛”。
雍和宫万福阁东厢的照佛楼，原是乾隆生母供佛之处。那里陈列着两幅画像：旃檀佛画像和“六道轮回图”。佛教是主张众生平等的，认为世世代代的人处于不停的车轮般的回旋之中，机会均等。
人死了以后，来世有六种“出路”：或为天神，或为人，或为阿修罗，或为畜生，或为饿鬼，或下地狱。《长阿含经》说，人在来世的归宿，主要看现世的表现，如积善德，下等种姓下世可成为上等种姓；如劣迹斑斑，上等种姓下世也会成为下等种姓，甚至沦入地狱，这一切就是佛教所说的“轮回”。“六道轮回图”绘一个长爪三眼、形如黑熊的巨大怪物坐在地上，抱着一个大车轮形的圆圈。圆圈四周彩绘各种人物和烧、杀、奸、诈、劫、盗、吃、喝、嫖、赌等恶行劣迹。几股气流将圆轮分成六道。
第一道内五色云端中宫阙巍峨，宛若仙境，称“天道”；第二道内市井社会，平民百姓，称“人道”；第三道内硝烟四起，有水、火、旱、涝，称“阿修罗道”；第四道内男女鬼怪，口内生烟，骨瘦如柴，正受严刑拷打，称“饿鬼道”；第五道内猪狗牛马、鱼介昆虫，称“畜生道”；第六道内刀山冰谷，火海炼狱，鬼怪在受煎熬，称“地狱道”。此图形象地儆戒世人要“诸恶莫作”，“众善奉行”，以达到劝恶从善的目的。
佛仓，意为藏传佛教转世活佛的住所、行馆或府邸。在清代，蒙藏地区的大活佛来到北京，都有一处驻京的行馆。这行馆分为三种，一为“城内本寺佛仓”，即在京城内有其本人一座寺院。像地安门内的松祝寺，是章嘉活佛的本寺院佛仓。二为“城外本寺佛仓”，如德胜门外的后黑寺，是察汗达尔汗活佛的本寺院佛仓。三是“赐居佛仓”，即是其本人在京没有寺院，又因职务关系需长久居住，并且其职务还与雍和宫有关，则会在雍和宫院内或附近赏赐一所院落，雍和宫的佛仓当属这种。
大愿祈祷法会，又称善愿日，传大召，藏语称：曼兰钦摩，是藏传佛教格鲁派寺院的重要节庆。明永乐七年（1409），已经在西藏享有盛誉的宗喀巴大师，为了纪念释迦牟尼，纯正佛法，在拉萨大昭寺举行了大愿祈祷法会。此后，宗喀巴每年都举行大愿祈祷法会，并形成惯例。
清康熙末年，这项活动传到北京，首先得到朝廷的支持。雍和宫因为是皇家寺院，从此，每年举办大愿祈祷法会。雍和宫在每年农历的正月二十三日（大建为二十四日）至二月初一日为法会日期，其中正月二十九日（大建为三十日）、二月初一日两天要跳金刚驱魔神舞。
正月初一日，标志着新的一年开始。在清代，每年此时，清宫要从雍和宫派36名僧人，在中正殿诵《迎新年喜经》。如今，正月初一日凌晨两点，僧人们就起来到殿上，诵《大威德金刚经》、《吉祥天母回供经》直到天明。初一晨，僧人们又伴着浑厚、深沉的钟声，穿过一道道院落至法轮殿，诵《永保护法》等经文，祈愿世界和平，国泰民安，一年风调雨顺。
此日到雍和宫礼佛的人特别多，信众们虔诚礼佛、燃香、转经。从他们静静的祈愿中和幸福的笑脸上，可以看出对于生活的满足和对未来充满着信心与希望。
金刚驱魔神舞，藏语称为“羌姆”，蒙语称为“布扎克”，蒙汉结合语义称“跳布扎”，俗称“打鬼”。它是以西藏土风舞为基调，吸取本教仪轨和印度瑜伽宗面具舞的某种形式而成。为藏传佛教的一种密乘宗教舞蹈。
金刚驱魔神舞，是戴着藏传佛教具有象征意义的面具，随着鼓、钹、莽号等法器的节拍，抑扬进退疾徐有序的舞蹈，为驱邪逐祟、祈求吉祥的宗教仪式。从佛教上来讲，跳金刚驱魔舞以圣者及众多护法和他们的眷众之身份翩翩起舞弘法布道，消灭诸如“黑魔如扎”之类恶魔邪障，以保护佛教事业的兴旺和百姓安居乐业。跳舞时，舞者身、口，意需与本尊、护法相应，结手印并执法器，口诵真言，心想本尊，护法威仪，以息灾、调伏的密法驱魔除祟仪式。就此舞本义来讲，所称“邪魔”，主要指人类本身的弱点和恶念，也就是“我执”。
罗汉菜乃佛门的斋饭，菜名出自释迦牟尼佛的弟子十八罗汉。雍和宫罗汉菜是以黄花、木耳、香菇、冬笋、面筋、玉兰片、荸荠、豆腐、白菜、胡萝卜等炖在一起，再加少许素油而成。
The Yonghe Temple, located in the northeast corner of Beijing downtown, was built by Emperor Kangxi Emperor in the 33rd year of Kangxi’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1694), where he gave his four sons Yinzhen, later known as the Yongqin Palace. In the third year of Yongzheng’s reign (1725), the royal palace was changed into a temporary palace and called Yonghe Temple. In the 13th year of Yongzheng’s reign (1735), Emperor Yongzheng Emperor died and placed his coffin here. Therefore, the main hall of Yonghe Temple was changed from green Chinese glazed roof tile to yellow Chinese glazed roof tile.

Yonghe Temple, because Emperor Qianlong was born here, two emperors emerged from Yonghe Temple, becoming a “blessed place for dragons”. Therefore, the temple is yellow tile and red wall, which is the same size as the Forbidden City Palace. In the ninth year of Qianlong’s reign (1744), the Yonghe Temple was changed into a Lama Temple, and the Prime Minister Minister Wang was appointed to manage its affairs, and became the center of the Qing government in charge of Tibetan Buddhism affairs throughout the country. Yonghe Temple is the highest Buddhist temple in China in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

The Yonghe Temple was identified by the State Council as a national key Buddhist temple in the National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area in 1983. The temple is mainly composed of three exquisite memorial archway and a grand hall with five entrances. From the east and west memorial archway of the cornice arch of wooden architecture to the antique east and west mountain buildings, it covers an area of 66400 square meters, with more than 1000 palaces.

From July 19, 2022, the Yonghe Temple will resume its opening.

The Yonghe Temple was the first residence of Yin Zhen, Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty, during the period of Baylor Prince He, and the place where Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty Hongli was born and grew up. It was the “hidden residence” of emperors of the Yong and Qian dynasties. In the 33rd year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1694), Emperor Kangxi Emperor built a mansion here and gave it to the four sons Prince Yong, known as Prince Yong’s Mansion; In the third year of Yongzheng era (1725), the palace was changed into a temporary palace, called Yonghe Temple; In the ninth year of Qianlong’s reign (1744), the Yonghe Temple was changed into a Lama Temple, and the Prime Minister Minister Wang was appointed to manage its affairs, and became the center of the Qing government in charge of Tibetan Buddhism affairs throughout the country.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, from 1950 to 1952, the state allocated funds twice to comprehensively repair the Yonghe Temple.

During 1952-1954, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other party and state leaders visited the Yonghe Temple and paid great attention to monks’ life and temple management.

In March 1961, the Yonghe Temple was listed by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In February 1981, it was opened to society as a place for religious activities;

In 1983, it was identified by the State Council as a national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality region;

In 1995, the Yonghe Temple Tibetan Buddhism Art Museum was founded.

In October 1957, the Beijing Municipal People’s Committee announced the first batch of 39 cultural relics protection units in Beijing, including the Yonghe Temple.

The Yonghe Temple is mainly composed of three exquisite memorial archway and a grand hall with five entrances. From the east and west memorial archway of the cornice arch of wooden architecture to the antique east and west mountain towers, it covers an area of 66400 square meters, with more than 1000 palaces. The architectural layout of the temple is complete and in compliance with the regulations of the Vatican Galan. Memorial archway stands in the front of the temple, and a chariot road is laid in front of Zhaotai Gate, showing the momentum of imperial imperial building. There are seven buildings in the front: Zhaotai Gate, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Yonghe Gate, Yonghe Temple, Lecture Hall and Tantrism Hall. The rear halls gradually rise, symbolizing the solemnity and auspiciousness of the Buddha world. The five Tibetan skylights on the top of the Falun Hall of the Sutra Chanting Hall, “one big and four small”, deeply imply that the Buddhist “Mount Meru” is surrounded by Dvipa. The establishment of the “Four Great Zhacangs” of the Lecture Hall, Tantric Sect Hall, Shilun Hall and Hall of Bhaisajyaguru marks that Yonghe Temple is a complete school of Tibetan Buddhism. The highest building, Wanfo Pavilion, and the huge “Maidala Buddha” standing in the building symbolize the holy scene of “when the Buddha comes and lives” and “leading the heavenly palace”.

The Yonghe Temple faces south and covers an area of 6.6 hectares. According to the statistics in 1950, there are 661 rooms, including 238 Buddhist temples. Its architectural style is very unique, integrating the architectural art of various ethnic groups such as Han, Manchu, and Mongolian. The building of the entire temple is divided into three roads: east, middle, and west. The middle road consists of a seven story courtyard and a five story hall, forming a central axis. There are also various auxiliary halls and buildings on the left and right sides.

The buildings in the middle road mainly include Memorial Archway, Zhaotai Gate, Hall of Four Heavenly Kings, Yonghe Palace, Yongyou Hall, Falun Hall, Wanfu Pavilion, etc. The Memorial Archway is located in the southernmost part of the Yonghe Temple. The gate faces west and east, with a wooden memorial archway in the east, west and north, and a screen wall of yellow and green glazed tiles in the south.

The north of the archway yard is Zhaotai Gate, the middle is a main gate, and there are side gates on both sides. The yellow glazed tube is on the top of the tile hill, and the chessboard gate.

The north of Zhaotai Gate is the Hall of Four Heavenly Kings, also known as Yonghe Gate. The hall was originally the palace gate of the royal palace, and later was rebuilt into the Hall of Four Heavenly Kings. The hall is five bays wide, with a yellow glazed tube on the top of the hill, five steps on the dougong, Hexi Caihua, the front eaves of the hall are blocked by the sun, the Ming and secondary rooms are pot doors, and the top of the hall is a pot door like slanted lattice window. The rear eaves are five diagonal square grid doors and windows, with doors in the upper and lower compartments, and windows in the top compartments. Inside the hall, there is a ceiling at the mouth of the well, and the floor is paved with square bricks. There are statues of cloth bag worshippers and Four Heavenly Kings.

In the north of the hall, there is the Imperial Stele Pavilion, also known as the Four Body Stele Pavilion. The yellow glazed tube tile has a double eave at four corners of the Tented roof. The upper eave is heavy raised five step dougong, the lower eave is single raised five step gold dougong, and the Hexi Caihua. Inside the pavilion, there is a four square stele, on which the “Lamaism” written by Emperor Qianlong is engraved in four languages: Manchu, Han, Mongolian, and Tibetan.

Yonghe Palace is located in the north of the Beiting Pavilion. The Palace was originally the Palace of King’s Mansion and now is equivalent to the the Shakya ManiHall of ordinary temples. The hall is made of yellow glazed tubes on the top of the hill. It is seven rooms wide, with a single raised dougong, Hexi Caihua, and a platform in front. It is surrounded by yellow, green, and red glazed brick walls. In the Ming Dynasty, a dragon plaque is carved on it, with the words “Yonghe Temple” in Manchu, Han, Mongolian, and Tibetan. In the hall, there are three bronze clay gold Buddha statues, and the Eighteen Arhats of Mengmapujin.

In front of the hall, there are auxiliary buildings on the east and west. To the east is the Wensun Hall (Tantric Hall), and to the west is the Manite Hall (Sutra Lecture Hall). They are all heavy buildings on the gable roof with double eaves of grey tube tiles, seven rooms in width, three rooms in the back, and corridors on the upper and lower floors.

To the north of the Yonghe Temple is the Yongyou Hall, which was originally the main bedroom hall of the royal palace. The back hall was renamed the “Shenyu Hall” because it was dedicated to the images of Yongzheng Emperor. After the transformation of the temple in the ninth year of Qianlong’s reign (1744), it was renamed today. The yellow glazed tube is on the top of the tile hill, five rooms wide, five steps high and five steps high. The front and back are three handed six valonia ribbed doors and windows, with green glazed sill walls with turtle back patterns underneath, and three steps and two floors in front. There are three 2.35-meter-high white sandalwood carved Buddha statues in the center of the hall, and there are east and west side halls in front of the hall, namely the Eyi Hall (Medical Hall) and Ninga Hall (Mathematics Hall).

Exit the back door of Yongyou Hall and enter the courtyard of Falun Hall. Falun Hall is the place for holding ceremonies. The building plane is in the shape of a cross, seven rooms wide. The top of the hill is tiled with yellow glazed tubes. There are five rooms in front of the pavilion and five rooms in the back. The pavilion is the ound ridge roof top of the hill. There is a yellow tube tile hanging skylight on each side of the hall top, and a Tibetan style gilded pagoda is built on both the hall top and the skylight top. In the center of the hall is a 6.1 meter high bronze statue of Master Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Yellow Sect. Behind the statue are five hundred arhat mountains carved in red sandalwood, and there are murals with The Buddha as the theme on the east and west walls.

The Jietai Tower is located on the west side of the Falun Hall and was built by Emperor Qianlong in the 45th year of the Qianlong reign (1780) to welcome the Sixth Panchen Lama to the capital to celebrate his birthday and receive precepts; The Panchen Lama Tower is located on the east side of the Falun Hall. It was originally called the Pharmacist Building, a Dharma altar dedicated to the Bhaisajyaguru. When the sixth Panchen Lama entered Beijing, it was the residence here, so the building got its name.

The two floors are the yellow tube tile tower East Asian hip-and-gable roof. There are nine corridors on the upper floor, and three steps and four floors on the south of the twenty-five rooms on the lower floor. To the north of Falun Hall is Wanfu Pavilion, the highest building in the north of the Yonghe Temple temple complex. The pavilion is the top of the tile hill with yellow glazed tubes. It has double eaves and double floors. It is 25 meters high. The upper, middle and lower layers are five rooms wide and deep. The upper layer is heavy and high, with five steps of dougong, Hexi Caihua, and the central plaque is “Yuanguan and Ying”; On the middle floor, there are heavy five step dougong, Hexi Caihua, corridors and guardrails around, and the central plaque is “Jingyu Huiyin”; The lower floor is a single raised single dougong, Hexi Caihua, three emperors in front and back, a dragon with a plaque hanging in the middle, and “Wanfu Pavilion” written in Manchu, Han, Mongolian and Tibetan characters. Inside the pavilion, there is a wooden statue of Maitreya standing 18 meters above ground and 8 meters underground, with a total height of 26 meters. Its main trunk is carved from the entire white sandalwood tree.

The east and west sides of Wanfu Pavilion are respectively Yongkang Pavilion and Yansui Pavilion, connected by a suspended attic style flying corridor in the middle. Suicheng Hall, located in the north of Wanfu Pavilion, is the northernmost building on the middle road of the Yonghe Temple. It has yellow glazed shingles and gable roof. It has double eaves and towers. It has seven corridors from top to bottom. There is a platform in front of the hall connecting Wanfu Pavilion.

The Yonghe Temple is composed of five grand halls, including the Hall of Four Heavenly Kings, the main hall of the Yonghe Temple, the Yongyou Hall, the Falun Hall, and the Wanfu Pavilion. In addition, there are the East and West side halls, and the “Four Learning Hall” (the Lecture Hall, the Tantric Hall, the Math Hall, and the Hall of Bhaisajyaguru). The entire architectural layout of the courtyard gradually shrinks from south to north, while the halls gradually rise.

Out of the Yonghe Gate, there are copper tripods, imperial stele pavilion, copper Mount Meru, Manigan and the Yonghe Temple. The main hall, formerly called Yin’an Hall, was the place where Prince Yong met civil and military officials. After the reconstruction of the Lama Temple, it was equivalent to the the Shakya ManiHall of ordinary temples. There are three bronze statues of the Third Buddha standing nearly two meters high in the north of the hall. There are two groups of Buddha statues of the Third World: one is the The Buddha Buddha in the Sahā in the middle, and the Bhaisajyaguru in the Eastern World on the left.

On the right is Amitābha Buddha of the Western world. This is the third generation Buddha in the space world, indicating that there are Buddhas everywhere. The space is horizontal, so it is also known as the horizontal third Buddha. Most of the the Shakya ManiHall around the country is dedicated to the third generation Buddha. The third Buddha in the main hall of the Yonghe Temple represents the time flow of the past, the present and the future, indicating that there is no time without Buddha, that is, The Buddha Buddha in the middle, Dipankara in the past on the left, and Maitreya Buddha in the future on the right. Space is the universe, time is the universe, meaning that the universe is everywhere without Buddha. The northeast corner of the main hall is for the bronze statue of Guanyin, and the Northwest Angle is for the bronze statue of Maitreya. Eighteen Arhat sat on the throne in front of two gable walls. The two verandas in the front courtyard of the main hall are the “Four Learning Halls”.

Between the two stele pavilions is the Yonghe Gate, on which hangs the large plaque of “Yonghe Gate” written by Emperor Qianlong, which is equivalent to the mountain gate of Chinese Buddhism and Hall of Four Heavenly Kings. The bronze lion in front of the hall has a vivid shape. In the middle of the hall, on the golden lacquer dragon throne, sat a smiling statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva with bare chest and belly. On both sides of the hall, opposite to the east and west, are painted clay gold sculptures of the Four Heavenly Kings. The Heavenly King treads on ghosts and monsters, demonstrating the duty and merit of the Tomorrow King in suppressing demons and protecting the world with kindness. Behind the Maitreya statue, there is Wei Tuo, a Dharmapala deity who steps on the clouds and wears armor.

Out of the main hall of the Yonghe Temple is the Yongyou Hall, a single eaved East Asian hip-and-gable roof Mountain with a “five bright and ten dark” structure, that is, five rooms are seen from the outside, but actually two five rooms are combined and rebuilt together. Yongyou Hall was the study and dormitory of Prince Yong during the reign of the Prince’s Mansion. Later, it became a cinema for the late Qing Dynasty to serve the late emperor. Eternal blessings are the meaning of eternal blessings for the souls of the previous emperor. In the center of the hall, on the lotus throne, are three 2.35 meter high Buddhas carved from sandalwood. The middle is the Amitabha Buddha (Amitābha Buddha), the left is the Bhaisajyaguru, and the right is the Lion Roaring Buddha. Depart from the Yongyou Hall and go to the Falun Hall. On the left and right sides are the Panchen Lama Tower and the Jietai Tower. The Falun Hall has a cross shaped plan, with 5 skylight style hidden towers and 5 copper gilded pagodas built on the top of the hall, which is a traditional Tibetan architectural form.

The Falun Temple is the crystallization of the fusion of Han Tibetan culture. At the top of the huge lotus platform in the center of the hall sits a 6.1 meter high bronze Buddha statue with a smile. It is Master Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. This bronze statue was sculpted in 1924, costing 200000 silver yuan and took two years to complete. Behind the Je Tsongkhapa statue is the 500 Arhat Mountain, which is known as one of the three best wood carvings in the Yonghe Temple. It is nearly 5 meters high, 3.5 meters long, and 30 centimeters thick. All of it is made of fine red sandalwood. In front of the 500 Arhat Mountain, there is a wooden basin carved of golden nanmu. It is said that three days after Emperor Qianlong was born, he used this basin to bathe, which is commonly known as “Three Washing Basins”.

Out of the Falun Hall is the Wanfu Pavilion, which is 25 meters high and has triple eaves. On both sides are Yongkang Pavilion and Yansui Pavilion. The two pavilions are connected by flying corridors, towering and towering, resembling a palace tower and a palace, with an architectural style reminiscent of the Liao and Jin dynasties. Within the Wanfu Pavilion stands a towering Maitreya Buddha, 18 meters high and buried 8 meters underground. The Buddha’s body is 8 meters wide and is a tribute gift from the 7th Dalai Lama, carved from a precious white sandalwood tree. It is said that Emperor Qianlong used more than 80000 taels of silver to carve the Buddha. This Buddha is also one of the three wonders of wood carving in the Yonghe Temple. There is also a three wonders of wood carving in the east side hall in front of the Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion. It is called the golden nanmu Buddha niche. With openwork technique, there are 99 cloud dragons, all of which are lifelike.

Three wonders of wood carving: five hundred arhat mountains, sandalwood Buddha and nanmu Buddha niches. “Five Hundred Arhats” is located in Falun Hall. The whole mountain is carved from red sandalwood, with overlapping mountains and scattered towers; Five hundred Arhat made of gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were among them; Those who preach Buddhism, subdue dragons and tigers, ride cranes and soar, sit or lie down, get drunk or think, laugh or fall asleep, have vivid postures, diverse expressions, realistic shapes, and exquisite carving techniques.

The Sandalwood Buddha is the Maidala Buddha of the Wanfu Pavilion. This giant Buddha was carved from the trunk of a white sandalwood tree, with a height of 216 meters, 18 meters above ground (8 meters underground), a diameter of 8 meters, and a total weight of about 100 tons. It is the largest single wooden statue in China. As the Yonghe Temple is located on the right side of the Berlin Temple, Emperor Qianlong, fearing that it might affect the geomantic omen of the “Dragon Diving Forbidden Area”, plans to build a high pavilion for a giant Buddha in the empty area in the north of the Yonghe Temple to act as a barrier and bless peace with the help of Buddhism.

Copper Mount Meru: In the courtyard in front of the main hall of the Yonghe Temple and in the stone pool on the oval White Marble stone seat, there is a bronze “Mount Meru” up to 1.5 meters high. Mount Meru is a transliteration of the Sanskrit Sumeru, which means “Miaogao”. It is a famous mountain in ancient Indian mythology and is said to be the center of the world. The Buddhist scriptures believe that the lowest level of the world is the wind wheel, above which is the water wheel, and above it is the earth wheel. There are nine mountains and eight seas on the earth wheel, and Mount Meru is between the mountains and seas.

Mount Mount Meru is 84000 Yuxun high (“Yuxun” is the unit for calculating the distance in ancient India). The sun and the moon hover around Mount Xumi, and the three heavens are also built layer by layer according to Mount Meru. There is “Gandhara Mountain” on the side of Xumi Mountain, and the Aral Sea surrounded by Tiewei Mountain outside the mountain. There are Dvipa around the Aral Sea: Dongsheng Shenzhou, Jambudvīpa, Xiniuhezhou and Beigulu Chau. The Dvipa are protected by four heavenly kings. The top of Mount Meru is “Emperor Shi Tian”.

There is a circle of star charts below Emperor Shi Tian, arranged in order according to the results of ancient astronomical observations. It is said that the distribution and markings of these constellations generally conform to the research results of modern astronomy. In Buddhism, Mount Meru is the highest mountain in the world, and the Dishatian on the top of the mountain is naturally the highest heaven in the world, which is the paradise. Because Mount Meru is the “center of the world”, The Buddha, the Buddha, often talks in this place. Many cave Buddhas in temples sit on seats called “Xumi Zuo”, becoming a symbol.

The main hall of the Yonghe Temple was originally the place where Prince Yin Zhen of Yonghe ascended the hall to receive congratulations in his mansion. It was called “Yin’an Hall”. After the Yonghe Temple was changed into a Lama Temple, the Yin’an Hall became the main hall, and three two meter high bronze Buddhas were consecrated. The Eighteen Arhats were lined on White Marble stone seats on both sides. These three bronze Buddhas are all seated in Lotus position. Behind the Buddha statue is the dragon’s backlight. The backlight symbolizes the body light of the statue, which is in the shape of a leaf shaped screen. The dragon carved on it symbolizes the nine dragons bathing when The Buddha was born.

In the middle of the three bronze statues is The Buddha Buddha, who is the Buddha of the present world. He sits on his right hand with his right hand on the knee of his right leg, and is called the “Seal of Success”, which means that only the earth can prove his arduous practice on the earth; Placing his left hand up on his left leg is a “meditation seal”, indicating that he is contemplating the endless hardships of life in meditation. In the east is the Dipankara, who represents the Buddha who passed away. The Buddhist scripture says that when he was born, everything around him was as bright as a lamp.

The Buddha bought five stems of lotus flowers to offer to Dipankara in his previous life, and Dipankara predicted that The Buddha would become a Buddha when he was in the “present life” after 1991. The Dipankara is seated on a Lotus position, and the thumb and forefinger of his right hand are clasped together to form a circle, which indicates that the cultivation is successful. Maitreya in the west represents the Buddha of the future. He practices Lotus position. The two hands formed a “statement seal”, indicating that he would speak to the heavens, humans, earth, and sentient beings in the “Three Masters of Longhua” after 5.67 billion years. The main hall is dedicated to these three Buddhas, indicating that from the infinitely distant past to the infinitely distant future, they are all part of the Buddha’s world; In terms of time, Buddhism has a long history and a long life