园冶2卷.明計成撰

2023年-02月-21日 ➠ 256 ➠ ♥ 0

分类 Knowledge知识 205篇中百篇内相关文章

《园冶》，是世界造园学上最早的名著。明代计成著。书成于明崇祯四年（1631年），刻印于明崇祯七年（1634年）。后流入日本，在日本被称为“夺天工”。三十年代時，中国营造学社创办人朱启钤在日本搜罗到《园冶》抄本。此本便是这本江户时期的抄本。
全书共3卷，附图235幅。主要内容为园说和兴造论两部分。其中园说又分为相地、立基、屋宇、装折、门窗、墙垣、铺地、掇山、选石、借景10篇。该书首先阐述了作者造园的观点，次而详细地记述了如何相地、立基、铺地、掇山、选石，并绘制了两百余幅造墙、铺地、造门窗等的图案。书中既有实践的总结，也有他对园林艺术独创的见解和精辟的论述，并有园林建筑的插图二百三十五张。《园冶》是计成将园林创作实践总结提高到理论的专著，全书论述了宅园、别墅营建的原理和具体手法，反映了中国古代造园的成就，总结了造园经验，是一部研究古代园林的重要著作，为后世的园林建造提供了理论框架以及可供模仿的范本。同时，《园冶》采用以“骈四骊六”为其特征的骈体文，在文学上也有其一定的地位。
计成，字无否，号否道人，江苏苏州吴江县人，生于明万历七年（公元1579年）。为明末著名造园家。计成根据其丰富的实践经验，整理了修建吴氏园和汪氏园的部分图纸，于崇祯七年（1634年）写成了中国最早、最系统的造园著作–《园冶》。
“Yuanye” is the earliest masterpiece in the world of gardening. It was written by Ji Cheng in the Ming Dynasty. The book was written in the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631) of the Ming Dynasty and printed in the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634) of the Ming Dynasty. Later, it flowed into Japan, where it was called “Seizing the Sky”. In the 1930s, Zhu Qiqian, the founder of the China Construction Society, found a copy of Yuanye in Japan. This is the copy of the Edo period.

The book has three volumes and 235 figures. The main content is the theory of garden and the theory of creating. Among them, the garden theory is also divided into 10 parts, namely, phase ground, foundation, building, decoration, door and window, wall, paving, mountain climbing, stone selection and landscape borrowing. The book first describes the author’s view of gardening, and then describes in detail how to build the ground, lay the foundation, pave the ground, lay the mountains, and select the stones, and draws more than 200 patterns of building walls, floors, doors and windows. The book contains not only the summary of practice, but also his original views and incisive exposition of garden art, as well as 235 illustrations of garden architecture. Yuanye is Ji Cheng’s monograph that improves the practice of garden creation to theory. The whole book discusses the principles and specific methods of building residential gardens and villas, reflects the achievements of ancient Chinese gardening, summarizes the experience of gardening, and is an important work on studying ancient gardens. It provides a theoretical framework and a model for future garden construction. At the same time, “Yuanye” adopts parallel prose characterized by “parallel four li six”, which also has a certain position in literature.

Ji Cheng, a Taoist with the word “no” and “no”, was born in Wujiang County, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province in the seventh year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1579 AD). He was a famous gardener in the late Ming Dynasty. Based on his rich practical experience, Ji Cheng sorted out part of the drawings for the construction of Wu’s Garden and Wang’s Garden, and wrote the earliest and most systematic gardening work in China – Yuanye in the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634).