千载揭密推背图 – 全球珍藏

2023年-11月-20日 ➠ 513 ➠ ♥ 0

相传，贞观年间，唐太宗曾召见十分擅长占卜的李淳风来推算大唐国运，另一位擅长相术的方士袁天罡（纲）也在场。
李淳风一时兴起，喋喋不休，一路推算到了千年以后。
这时候，袁天罡稳不住了，赶紧从背后推了李淳风一把，警告他：“天机不可泄露！”
李淳风这才停止了推算。
后来，这些“天机”被写成了中华第一预言奇书《推背图》，因为可以预言国家政事的兴衰更替，在历朝历代，都广为流传。上至天子，下至百姓，有心人总忍不住要看看。
等到一千多年以后，清朝覆灭，当了伪满洲国皇帝的溥仪闲来无事，也看《推背图》。其实，他并不怎么相信，但对里面的一则预言印象深刻：
“鸟无足”，即鸟字下去四点，“山有月”，即再配上一个“山”字，构“岛”字，日本即是个岛国；“旭初升”，日本国旗为太阳旗；“人都哭”，指日本侵略中国，人民遭受涂炭……
“一口东来气太骄”：“一口”为日，“东来”，指日本在我国之东；“气太骄”，指其骄横，不讲理。“足下无履首无毛”：“足下无履，日本人在家，不好穿鞋，而穿木屐；“首无毛”，指日本军人，过去一律光头，不留发。“一朝听得金鸡叫”：日本战败投降，实在一九四五年，那年正是乙酉年，即鸡年，而中国大陆地图，外形又像一只昂首挺立的金鸡。“大海沉沉日已消”：指日本垮台了。
这事后来确实应验了。
预言奇书《推背图》，现代人称中国版玛雅预言，相传为唐代天文学家李淳风、袁天罡所合著，到了明清，还得到文学家金圣叹的评点。
在清朝覆灭以前，这书只能以手抄本流传，无法公开刊印，因为它是历朝历代官方严禁传播的禁书。晚清以后，因所谓的预言应验宣传，这书一跃成为超级畅销书，获得了各种再版又再版的机会。
直到21世纪，还有网友一边看，一边戏谑说，原来这不是一本按摩技术指南。
《推背图》的真相，到底是什么？
《推背图》一书，根据现有文献，最早出现在武周时期的《大云经疏》中。
《大云经疏》又是什么？是恭维、证明武则天称帝合法性的《大云经》的注解。
远古至今，天、地、鬼、神等超自然力量，素来为人们所忌惮和崇拜。而其中，“天命”，是人们对一切无法掌控的事情所作的解释，当然，也常常成为人们要去做某件事的解释，譬如改朝换代。
历朝历代，统治者都必然要将“天命”跟政权的合法性统一起来。
如何让有利于自己的“天命”深入人心？在那个还没有大众传媒的年代，朗朗上口的谣谶，神秘莫测的祥瑞和图谶等，对统治者而言就是重要的“战场”，既要利用，也要防备。
武则天亦深谙此道。
武则天当政时期，对谣谶的禁止相当严厉，若家中藏有谶书，将遭灭族之灾，更不要说推算、制造谣谶。但是，除了查禁谣谶，武则天作为历史上第一位女皇帝，传播武周政权的“天命”，对她而言显得更加迫切和必要。
天授元年（690）七月，已经执掌李唐朝政多年的武则天颁《大云经》于天下。
经书中，和尚们暗示称，武则天“尔时佛告天女。即以女身当王国土”。而后，怀义等和尚为进一步强调武后称帝的合法性，便为此经书作注，引用了十八则谶语进行证明。
其中一则，即来自于《推背啚（图）》：“大蓄八月，圣明运翔。止戈昌，女主立正起唐唐，佞人去朝龙来防，化清四海，整齐八方。”
这是我们目前所了解到的关于《推背图》的最早面貌，只有以上几句谶诗。而在其他唐朝文献中，暂时没有看到这本预言书的身影。
拿它跟如今所流传的《推背图》对比，就会发现很多值得探讨的地方。
如今的《推背图》，虽然有关于武则天称帝一事的图谶，但谶诗并非如上述所言。
从谶诗的句式上看，《大云经疏》里的版本跟现在流传的版本相去甚远。
有学者考证后提出，这数十字的谶诗，应当是时人杂抄各种符命、谶纬之书而成的。譬如，“大蓄八月”、“女主立正”应当是改写自《易稽览图》中的“大蓄，八月，天德明王，侯人去城，十二年天下大昌，女子立政；三年，去此地，大神兽来见，至堂；三年，大兽出东北台邑、河邑”。
至于通行版本《推背图》中关于武则天称帝的“日月当空，照临下土”一诗，则可以看出明显的事后补记的痕迹，所以连武则天的改名、武周的结局、大唐的复辟等等细节，全都对应上了。
可见，经历了一千多年的流传，此《推背图》早已不是彼《推背图》。
简单来说，武周时期的《推背图》是预先造好的谶语，为了下一步的行动而准备的，是“预热”；而托名金圣叹的评点版《推背图》，是事后补记的谶语，并刻意将时间提前，以体现谶语之于历史事件预测的应验性，是“回放”或“重播”。
有意思的是，在唐朝文献中，我们甚至不能清楚，《推背图》的作者是谁。
因为根本没有提及。
According to legend, Zhenguan years, Taizong had summoned Li Chunfeng who was very good at divination to calculate the fortunes of the Tang Dynasty, another good at Xiangshu Fang Yuan Tiangang (gang) was also present.
Li Chunfeng on the spur of the moment, chatter, all the way to a thousand years later.
At this time, Yuan Tiangang was not stable, and hurriedly pushed Li Chunfeng from behind, warning him: “Heaven can not leak!”
Li Chunfeng only then stopped calculating.
Later, these “heavenly machines” were written into the first prophecy book in China, “Pushing back Map”, because it can predict the rise and fall of national politics, and it has been widely spread in successive dynasties. Up to the son of heaven, down to the people, people always can’t help but see.
More than a thousand years later, when the Qing Dynasty fell, Puyi, the emperor of the puppet Manchukuo, had nothing to do, and also read the Map of Pushing back. He didn’t really believe it, but he was impressed by one of the prophecies:
“The bird has no feet”, that is, the bird goes down four points, “the mountain has the moon”, that is, with a “mountain”, the word “island”, Japan is an island country; “Rising early”, the Japanese flag is the sun flag; “People are crying”, referring to the Japanese invasion of China, the people suffered…
“A mouthful of east gas is too arrogant” : “a mouthful” is the day, “East” refers to Japan in the east of our country; “Gas too arrogant”, refers to its arrogant, unreasonable. “No shoes on the feet and no hair on the head” : “No shoes on the feet, the Japanese at home, it is not good to wear shoes, and wear clogs; “Hairless head” refers to the Japanese soldiers, who used to have no hair and no hair. “The day of the heavy sea has disappeared” : refers to the collapse of Japan.
This was indeed true later on.
Prophecy book “push back map”, modern people say the Chinese version of Maya prophecy, according to the Tang Dynasty astronomer Li Chunfeng, Yuan Tiangang co-authored, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also got the writer Jin Shengtan comments.
Before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the book could only be circulated in manuscript and could not be published publicly, because it was officially forbidden to spread in all dynasties. After the late Qing Dynasty, due to the so-called prophecy fulfillment propaganda, the book became a super bestseller and was republished and republished.
Until the 21st century, there are netizens watching, while joking that this is not a massage technical guide.
What is the truth about the “Back Map”?
According to the existing literature, the book “Pubei Tu” first appeared in “Dayun Jingshu” in the Wu Zhou period.
What is “Big Cloud Jing Shu”? It is a commentary on the Great Cloud Classic, which compliments and proves the legitimacy of Wu Zetian’s claim to be emperor.
Since ancient times, supernatural forces such as heaven, earth, ghosts and gods have always been feared and worshiped by people. Among them, “destiny” is the explanation given by people for everything that is out of their control, and of course, it often becomes the explanation for something that people are going to do, such as changing the government.
Throughout the dynasties, rulers had to unify the “mandate of heaven” with the legitimacy of the regime.
How to make the “destiny” in favor of oneself deeply rooted in people’s hearts? In that era when there was no mass media, catchy rumors, mysterious auspicious and prophetic prophecies, etc. were important “battlefields” for rulers, which they should both use and guard against.
Wu Zetian also knew this well.
During the reign of Wu Zetian, the ban on the rumor prophecy was quite severe, if there was a prophecy book in the home, it would be the disaster of family annihilation, not to mention the calculation and manufacture of the rumor prophecy. However, in addition to the suppression of rumors, Wu Zetian, as the first female emperor in history, spread the “mandate of heaven” of the Wu Zhou regime, which is more urgent and necessary for her.
In July of the first year of Heavenly Grant (690), Wu Zetian, who had been in charge of the Li Tang Dynasty for many years, issued the Great Cloud Classic to the world.
In the sutra, the monks implied that Wu Zetian was “a Buddha who told Heaven’s daughter.” That is, the female body as the kingdom.” Then, in order to further emphasize the legitimacy of Empress Wu declaring himself emperor, Huaiyi and other monks made a note on this sutra and quoted eighteen prophecies to prove it.
One of them, that is, from the “push back 啚 (picture)” : “Big storage in August, Sheng Ming Yun Xiang. Stop Gochang, she stood at attention Tang Tang, the dragon to prevent, clear the four seas, neat eight.”
This is the earliest appearance of the “Pushing back Diagram” that we know at present, only the above few verses of the prophecy. However, in other Tang Dynasty documents, there is no sign of this prophecy book.
Compare it with the “push back Diagram” circulated today, you will find a lot of places worth discussing.
Although there is a prophecy about Wu Zetian declaring herself emperor in today’s “Pushing back Map”, the prophecy poem is not as mentioned above.
Judging from the sentence pattern of the prophecy poem, the version in “Big Cloud Jing Shu” is far from the version now circulating.
After textual research, some scholars put forward that the tens of words of the prophecy poem should be copied by the people of the time and the book of fortune and prophecy. For example, “Big storage August” and “female master standing at attention” should be rewritten from the “Easy Ji view Map” in “Big storage, August, the king of Heaven Deming, Hou people go to the city, 12 years the world Dachang, women establish government; Three years, go here, the great god beast to see, to the hall; In three years, the big beast came out of the northeast Taiyi and River Yi.”
As for the poem “The sun and the moon are in the sky, looking down on the earth” in the popular version of “Pushing Back Map” about Wu Zetian declaring herself emperor, we can see obvious traces of post-revision, so even the details of Wu Zetian’s name change, the end of Wu Zhou, the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, and so on, all correspond.
It can be seen that after more than a thousand years of circulation, this “backing diagram” is no longer the other “backing diagram”.
To put it simply, the “pushing back Map” in the Wu Zhou period was a prophecy made in advance, which was prepared for the next step and was “preheating”; And Jin Shengtan’s commentary version of “Pushing back Map” is a prophecy that is later added, and the time is deliberately advanced to reflect the fulfillment of the prophecy in the prediction of historical events, which is “replay” or “replay”.
Interestingly, in Tang Dynasty literature, it is not even clear who the author of the book was.
Because it wasn’t mentioned.