三才图会之1 – 全球珍藏

2023年-04月-27日 ➠ 354 ➠ ♥ 0

三才图会.全31册之1-10.王圻.黄晟撰.万历35年刊.潭滨黄晓峰重校.槐阴草堂藏。

《三才图会》又名《三才图说》，是由明文献学家、藏书家王圻及其子王思义撰写的百科式图录类书。此书成于明万历35年，共106卷，分十四类：天文、地理、人物、时令、宫室、器用、身体、文史、人事、仪器、珍宝、衣服、鸟兽、草木。此本为明万历37年（1609）原刊本。
该书内容上自天文，下至地理，中及人物，分天文﹑地理﹑人物﹑时令﹑宫室﹑器用﹑身体﹑衣服﹑人事﹑仪制﹑珍宝﹑文史﹑鸟兽﹑草木等十四门。前三门为王圻所撰，时令以下十一门，为其子王思义所撰，全书又经王思义以十年之力加以详核，始成就绪。每门之下分卷，条记事物，取材广泛，所记事物，先有绘图，后有论说，图文并茂，相为印证。为形象地了解和研究明代的宫室﹑器用﹑服制和仪仗制度等提供了大量资料。此书汇集诸家书中有关天地诸物图像，“图绘以勒之于先，论话以缀之于后”,对每一事物皆配有图像，然后加以说明。图不清晰者可借助文字表达，文字无法说清者可以图作参考，图与文互为印证。所配插图偏重通俗性和实用性。此书可为众多学科的研究者提供资料，其功用可与百科全书相比。书中图谱多取之于他书，间有冗杂﹑虚构之弊。不过有些图书却加了一些想像及神话色彩，如鹤或鲎鱼等。而当中一些地图是改编自传教士带来的国外地图，所以《三才图会》被誉为明朝绘图类书的佼佼者。
所谓“三才”，并非指“天”、“地”、“人”。据《周礼正义》卷七十四：“三才，天地之人道”。所以，“三才”，应该是指“人”和人化的“天”和“地”。
此书于明万历35年（1607）完成编辑，并在明万历37年（1609）出版。万历年间，正值我国版画发展的黄金时代，徽州和金陵刻工的作品在当时享有盛誉。图像的绘刻线条清晰，但因卷帙巨大，图像繁多，绘刻亦有粗细不同。
The “Sancai Tuhui”, also known as the “Sancai Tushuo”, is an encyclopedic catalog book written by Ming philologist and book collector Wang Qi and his son Wang Siyi. This book was written in the 35th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty and consists of 106 volumes, divided into fourteen categories: astronomy, geography, characters, seasons, palaces, utensils, body, literature and history, personnel, instruments, treasures, clothing, birds and animals, and vegetation. This is the original publication of the 37th year of the Ming Wanli era (1609).

The content of this book ranges from astronomy to geography, with a focus on characters. It is divided into fourteen categories, including astronomy, geography, characters, seasons, palaces, utensils, body, clothing, personnel, ritual systems, treasures, literature and history, birds and animals, and vegetation. The first three gates were written by Wang Qi, and the following eleven gates were written by his son Wang Siyi. The entire book was thoroughly reviewed by Wang Siyi for ten years before it was ready. Under each door, there are separate volumes and items to record things, with a wide range of materials. The recorded things are illustrated first, followed by argumentation, and illustrated in both text and images, which serve as evidence. This provides a large amount of information for a vivid understanding and study of the Ming Dynasty’s palace, utensil, attire, and ceremonial guard systems. This book collects images of various objects in heaven and earth from various books. “Drawing is the first step, and discourse is the last step.” Each object is accompanied by images and then explained. If the image is unclear, it can be expressed using text. If the text cannot be clearly expressed, the image can be used as a reference. The image and text are mutually reinforcing. The accompanying illustrations emphasize popularity and practicality. This book can provide information for researchers in various disciplines, and its function can be compared to an encyclopedia. The atlas in the book is often taken from other books, with the drawbacks of being miscellaneous and fictional. However, some books add some imaginative and mythological elements, such as cranes or horseshoe crabs. Some of the maps were adapted from foreign maps brought by missionaries, so “Sancai Tuhui” is known as one of the outstanding graphic books of the Ming Dynasty.

The so-called “three talents” do not refer to “heaven”, “earth”, or “people”. According to Volume 74 of the Book of Rites and Justice of Zhou, “Three Talents, Humanity of Heaven and Earth”. So, “three talents” should refer to “people” and humanized “heaven” and “earth”.

This book was edited in the 35th year of the Ming Wanli reign (1607) and published in the 37th year of the Ming Wanli reign (1609). During the Wanli period, during the golden age of printmaking development in China, the works of Huizhou and Jinling engravers enjoyed high reputation at that time. The lines of the image are clear, but due to its vast volume and numerous images, the thickness of the engraving also varies.