吳郡名賢圖傳贊之五

2023年-02月-01日 ➠ 825 ➠ ♥ 0

《吴郡名贤图传赞》是清道光时期长洲顾沅所辑刻吴郡（籍贯属于吴郡者，也有作官及流寓吴地者）自周朝以至清代先贤之图，全书分二十卷共收录五百七十人，画像出自孔继尧之手。这部书除了画像及小传之外，顾沅还用心的为每一位先贤写下四句赞语。此本为清道光九年（1829）长洲顾氏刊本。
该书所收名贤，有籍贯属于吴郡（其称吴郡者，即今之苏州，古称句吴、吴州、吴郡、平江等。而苏州自古以来也另有别称，吴都、吴门、东吴、吴中、吴下、姑苏、长洲等均是。）者，也有作官及流寓吴地者。既有名宦乡贤，亦多文人学士。如汉代的董仲舒，三国的陆绩，晋代的陆机、陆云，南朝的皇侃、顾野王、隋朝陆德明、唐代的归崇敬、陆贽、刘禹锡、陆龟蒙，宋代的范仲淹、胡瑗、欧阳修、司马光、朱长文、叶梦得、魏了翁、文天祥，元代的杨维桢、倪瓒，明代的况钟、祝允明、王世贞、海瑞、顾宪成、高攀龙，清代的顾炎武、徐乾学、陆陇其、朱彝尊、徐元文、彭定求、张伯行、惠栋、钱大昕、江声等人，既为名士，又为名儒。
顾沅（1799-1851），字澧兰，号湘舟，自号沧浪渔父，苏州人，出身吴中望族，自幼聪颖，能过目成诵，但无意仕途，其道德文章却深受器重。他生平嗜书，家藏宋元珍贵古籍甚多，《吴县志》记载「顾沅收藏旧藉及金石文字甲于三吴」、「图书之富，甲于东南」，他是清代著名藏书家。他也热心当地慈善事业，对于沦于荒烟蔓草的名人祠墓，他必斥资搜剔整顿。他另捐田千亩设立义庄，收容贫苦无依者，所以深为当地官吏所敬重，如陶澍、林则徐等人纷纷与之订交。此外他也热衷地方史志的整理研究，《吴郡名贤图传赞》就是他成果之一，他的其他著作还有「娄东文略」、「乾坤正气诗集」、「吴郡文编」、「赐研堂丛书」、「听漏吟」、「游山小草」、「然松书屋诗钞」等。
这部《吴郡名贤图传赞》除了顾沅费心辑编得以成书之外，画像系出自孔继尧之手，「例言」中说「画像系玉峰孔君继尧一人手笔，凡正像小影悉照原本临摹，其冠服闲有不合古制者，悉考明代正之。」镌版则系张锦章所为，在沧浪亭名贤祠图中，有「張錦章鐫」字样。
The “Biography of Famous Magi in Wujun” is a picture of the sages in Wujun (native place of Wujun, also official and exiled in Wujun) from the Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, compiled by Gu Yuan of Changzhou in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. The book is divided into 20 volumes and contains 570 people. The portrait is made by Kong Jiyao. In addition to the portraits and biographies, Gu Yuan also wrote four words of praise for each of the sages. This is the Jiu year (1829) of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty.
The book contains the names of the sages whose native place is Wujun (those who are called Wujun, that is, today’s Suzhou, were called Gouwu, Wuzhou, Wujun, Pingjiang, etc. in ancient times. Suzhou also has other names since ancient times, such as Wudu, Wumen, Dongwu, Wuzhong, Wuxia, Gusu, Changzhou, etc.), as well as those who are officials and live in Wu. There are both famous officials and scholars. Such as Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, Lu Ji in the Three Kingdoms, Lu Ji and Lu Yun in the Jin Dynasty, Huang Kan and Gu Yewang in the Southern Dynasty, Lu Deming in the Sui Dynasty, Gui Chong in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Zhi, Liu Yuxi and Lu Guimeng in the Tang Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Hu Yuan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Zhu Changwen, Ye Mengde, Wei Liaoweng and Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty, Yang Weizhen and Ni Zan in the Yuan Dynasty, Kuang Zhong, Zhu Yunming, Wang Shizhen, Hai Rui, Gu Xiancheng and Gao Panlong in the Ming Dynasty, Gu Yanwu in the Qing Dynasty Xu Qianxue, Lu Longqi, Zhu Yizun, Xu Yuanwen, Peng Dingqiu, Zhang Boxing, Huidong, Qian Daxin, Jiang Sheng and others are both famous scholars and famous Confucianism.
Gu Yuan (1799-1851), known as Lilan, Xiangzhou, Canglang Fisherman, born in Suzhou, was born in a famous family in Wuzhong. He was intelligent from childhood and could read from a book, but had no intention of official career. His moral articles were highly valued. He loved books in his life, and his family collected many valuable ancient books in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The Wu County Annals recorded that “Gu Yuan’s collection of ancient books and inscriptions was the first in the Three Wu Dynasties” and “the wealth of books was the first in the southeast”. He was a famous book collector in the Qing Dynasty. He is also enthusiastic about local charities, and he will spend money to search and rectify the celebrity shrines that have fallen into the wilderness. He also donated thousands of acres of farmland to set up a cemetery to accommodate the poor and helpless, so he was deeply respected by local officials, such as Tao Shu, Lin Zexu, and others have engaged with it. In addition, he is also keen on the collation and research of local historical records. One of his achievements is the Biography of Wu County’s Famous Talents. His other works include “Lou Dong’s Literary Sketch”, “The Collection of Heavenly and Earthly Virtuous Poems”, “Wu County’s Literary Editors”, “Gi Yan Tang Series”, “Listen to the Leaky Chant”, “Tour the Hill Grass”, “Ran Song’s Book House Poetry Notes”, and so on.
In addition to Gu Yuan’s painstaking compilation of the book, the portrait of Wu County’s Famous Sages was written by Kong Jiyao. The “example” said that “the portrait was written by Kong Jiyao, the only person who wrote it. All the portraits and small figures were copied from the original, and their crowns and clothes were not of the ancient style, so we learned that the Ming Dynasty was correct.” The engraving was made by Zhang Jinzhang. In the picture of the famous Sages Temple in Canglang Pavilion, there was the word “Zhang Jinzhang engraved”.